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Francis Aungier Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford, 1st Baron Pakenham, (5 December 1905 – 3 August 2001), known to his family as Frank Longford and as Lord Pakenham from 1945 to 1961, was a British politician and social reformer. A member of the Labour Party, he was one of its longest serving politicians. He held cabinet positions on several occasions between 1947 and 1968. Longford was politically active up until his death in 2001. A member of an old, landed Anglo-Irish family, he was one of the few aristocratic hereditary peers to have ever served in senior capacity within Labour governments, at the time associated with socialism and left-wing politics - and at a time when peers held largely reactionary and anti-democratic political views. Lord Longford was famed for championing social outcasts and unpopular causes. He is especially notable for his lifelong advocacy of penal reform. Longford visited prisons on a regular basis for nearly 70 years until his death. He advocated for rehabilitation programmes and helped create the modern British parole system in the 1960s following the abolition of the death penalty. His ultimately unsuccessful campaign for the release of Moors murderer Myra Hindley attracted much media and public controversy. For his tireless work, the Longford Prize is named after him. It is awarded annually during the Longford Lecture and recognises excellence in the world of prison and social reform. As a devout Christian determined to translate faith into action, he was known for his bombastic style and his eccentricity. Although a shrewd and influential politician, he was also widely unpopular among Labour leaders, particularly for his lack of ministerial ability, and jumped from cabinet post to cabinet post, never serving more than two years at any one ministry. Labour Prime Minister Harold Wilson famously stated that Longford had the mental capacity of a 12 year old. In 1972 he was made a Knight of the Garter. In the same year he was appointed to head the group charged with investigating the effects of pornography on society, which published the controversial Pornography Report. He became known as a campaigner against pornography and held the view that it was degrading - to its users and to those who worked in the trade, especially women. Longford was also an outspoken critic of the British press and once said it was "trembling on the brink of obscenity." Lord Longford was politically instrumental in decriminalising homosexuality in the United Kingdom, but later became a staunch opponent of homosexuality, referring to it as "nauseating", "utterly wrongful" and that gay people were "handicapped". He continued to oppose any gay rights legislation, including the equalisation of the age of consent, and also supported the passage of Section 28. ==Background and education== Born into an Anglo-Irish aristocratic family, he was the second son of Thomas Pakenham, 5th Earl of Longford in the Peerage of Ireland. He was educated at Eton College and New College, Oxford, where as an undergraduate he was a member of the Bullingdon Club. Despite having failed to be awarded a scholarship, he graduated with a first-class honours degree in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics and became a don at Christ Church. At Oxford he met his wife, Elizabeth Harman, an undergraduate at Lady Margaret Hall. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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